Adaptive Biointerfaces and Multifunctional (Bio)systems

Living systems sense, respond, and evolve, whereas most engineered biointerfaces have fixed structures and functions. We ask: How can we combine adaptive materials and advanced manufacturing to create biointerfaces that interact dynamically with the body? We combine adaptive soft (bio)materials with unconventional 3D printing, ultrasound, imaging, and intelligent control to program geometry, mechanics, biological cues, and therapeutic functions across scales. Our research spans adaptive tissue interfaces, cell-instructive scaffolds, flexible (bio)electronics,  and imaging-guided focused-ultrasound bioprinting and material remodeling. By integrating material design, manufacturing, and real-time control, we create multifunctional systems that can match tissue mechanics, guide cellular behavior, respond to physiological changes, and be monitored or reconfigured after deployment. These capabilities support personalized diagnosis, minimally invasive therapy, and tissue repair and regeneration.

Various functional sono-inks were designed for acoustic volumetric printing through centimeter thick tissues.  We show proof-of-concept for minimally invasive surgery ex-vivo, including left atrial appendage closure,  bone reconstruction, and post-ablative chemotherapy (Science, 2023).